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Nitroglycerin

Acute coronary syndrome, Hypertensive emergency with pulmonary edema, Acute decompensated heart failure

Indications

  • Acute coronary syndrome
  • Hypertensive emergency with pulmonary edema
  • Acute decompensated heart failure

Adult dosing

  • sublingual: dose: 0.4; unit: mg SL; route: SL; interval: q5min x3; fixed: true; infusion: dose: 5; maxDose: 200; unit: mcg/min; route: IV; interval: titrate q3-5min; fixed: true; high dose: dose: 400; unit: mcg bolus IV; route: IV; fixed: true

Pediatric dosing

  • contraindicated: true; reason: Limited pediatric data for emergency use; consult pediatric cardiology

Contraindications

  • SBP <90 mmHg
  • PDE5 inhibitor use within 24h (sildenafil) or 48h (tadalafil)
  • Right ventricular infarction
  • Severe aortic stenosis

Clinical pearls

  • High-dose NTG boluses (400mcg) effective for acute pulmonary edema
  • RV infarction — NTG can cause profound hypotension; avoid
  • Ask about Viagra/Cialis before giving — can cause lethal hypotension
  • Headache is common side effect — does not require stopping unless severe

Source and review

  • AHA/ACC ACS Guidelines 2014; ACEP Clinical Policies. Last reviewed: 2024-11-01