Clinical Scores and Calculators
Clinical scoring systems and calculators with indications, criteria, interpretation, and source references.
HEART Score
Risk stratification for ACS in ED chest pain patientsPERC Rule
Rule out PE without D-dimer in LOW pre-test probability patientsWells PE
Pre-test probability assessment for pulmonary embolismOttawa Ankle
Determine need for ankle or foot X-ray after acute injuryGCS
Standardized assessment of consciousness levelCURB-65
Severity assessment for community-acquired pneumoniaCentor Score (Modified)
Predict likelihood of GAS pharyngitisPECARN Head CT
Identify children at very low risk of clinically important TBI after head traumaCHA₂DS₂-VASc
Stroke risk stratification in non-valvular atrial fibrillationHAS-BLED
Bleeding risk assessment in anticoagulated AF patientsNEXUS C-Spine
Rule out cervical spine injury without imaging in blunt traumaCanadian C-Spine Rule
Determine need for c-spine imaging in alert, stable trauma patientsqSOFA
Bedside screen for patients at risk of poor outcomes from sepsisAlvarado Score
Clinical prediction of acute appendicitisWells DVT
Pre-test probability for DVTMASCC Score
Risk stratification in febrile neutropeniaTWIST Score
Risk stratification for testicular torsion — determine need for immediate surgery vs scrotal ultrasoundMELD Score
Predicts 3-month mortality in end-stage liver disease; prioritizes organ allocation for liver transplantChild-Pugh Score
Classifies severity of cirrhosis for prognosis and surgical riskFIB-4 Index
Non-invasive estimate of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease (NAFLD, HCV, HBV)RCRI
Predicts risk of major cardiac events (MI, pulmonary edema, VF, cardiac arrest, complete heart block) after non-cardiac surgeryASA Classification
Standardized classification of preoperative patient health status for anesthetic riskWound Classification
Classifies surgical wounds to predict surgical site infection risk and guide antibiotic prophylaxisCaprini Score
Predicts venous thromboembolism risk in surgical patients to guide VTE prophylaxisPHQ-9
Screens for and monitors severity of depressionGAD-7
Screens for and monitors severity of generalized anxiety disorderAUDIT-C
Brief screening tool for unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol use disordersASCVD Risk
Estimates 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events to guide statin therapyWestley Croup Score
Grades severity of croup to guide managementPAT
Rapid (30-second) across-the-room assessment to categorize severity and type of pediatric illnessGorelick Dehydration Scale
Assesses degree of dehydration in children 1 month to 5 yearsBroselow Reference
Estimates pediatric weight based on length for emergency drug dosing and equipment sizingC-SSRS
Structured assessment of suicidal ideation severity and behaviorCIWA-Ar
Monitors severity of alcohol withdrawal to guide benzodiazepine dosingCOWS
Monitors severity of opioid withdrawal to guide buprenorphine induction timingFisher Grade
Grades subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT to predict risk of vasospasmICH Score
Predicts 30-day mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhageSNOOP4
Mnemonic for red flags suggesting secondary (dangerous) headache etiologyBishop Score
Assesses cervical readiness for induction of laborGA Calculator
Estimates gestational age and expected due date from last menstrual periodVBAC Calculator
Estimates probability of successful vaginal birth after cesarean (TOLAC success)Preeclampsia Severity
Identifies severe features of preeclampsia that mandate delivery consideration regardless of gestational ageMAP Calculator
Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure to assess perfusion pressure and guide vasopressor therapyPediatric Asthma Score
Assess severity of acute asthma exacerbation in pediatric patients aged 1–18 years to guide treatment decisions and dispositionParkland Formula
Calculate IV fluid resuscitation volume for burn patients in the first 24 hours. For adults and pediatric patients with burns >20% TBSA.CKD-EPI eGFR
Estimate GFR for CKD staging and drug dosing. More accurate than Cockcroft-Gault, especially at higher GFR values.Calcium Correction
Correct total calcium for low albumin. Low albumin artificially lowers reported total calcium.IBW / ABW
Calculate IBW for drug dosing (aminoglycosides, vancomycin, chemotherapy) and ventilator tidal volume. Use ABW for obese patients when indicated.Steroid Conversion
Convert between corticosteroid preparations for dose equivalence. Used when switching steroids or calculating stress dosing.BMI Calculator
Universal screening tool for weight classification. Used for drug dosing decisions, surgical risk, and chronic disease management.QTc Calculator
Correct the QT interval for heart rate. Monitor for drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes risk.ICH Volume (ABC/2)
Rapidly estimate intracranial hemorrhage volume from CT measurements. Volume is a key prognostic factor and guides management.SOFA Score
Quantify organ dysfunction in sepsis. Required for the Sepsis-3 definition. Used for ICU prognosis and tracking response to treatment.Modified Rankin Scale
Assess degree of disability and dependence in neurological disorders. Primary outcome measure in stroke trials; guides tPA and thrombectomy eligibility (premorbid mRS).RASS
Assess level of sedation and agitation in ICU patients. Target-directed sedation reduces ICU length of stay and improves outcomes.FLACC Scale
Assess pain in non-verbal patients — primarily children 2 months to 7 years, also cognitively impaired or intubated patients.Apgar Score
Rapid assessment of newborn condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Guides need for resuscitation.AIMS Scale
Monitor for tardive dyskinesia in patients on antipsychotics or other dopamine-blocking agents. Perform at baseline and every 6–12 months.Simplified PESI
Risk stratify confirmed PE patients to identify those safe for outpatient treatment. A score of 0 identifies low-risk patients.APACHE II
ICU admission severity scoring. Predicts hospital mortality. Used for ICU triage, research stratification, and quality benchmarking.PSI/PORT Score
Risk stratify community-acquired pneumonia for outpatient vs inpatient vs ICU. More accurate than CURB-65 for identifying low-risk patients.Glasgow-Blatchford Score
Risk stratify upper GI bleeding. A score of 0 identifies patients safe for outpatient management. High scores predict need for endoscopic intervention.Rockall Score
Predict rebleeding and mortality after upper GI bleeding. Pre-endoscopy uses the first 3 variables; post-endoscopy adds diagnosis and stigmata.Surgical Apgar Score
Predict major complications and death within 30 days of general or vascular surgery, using intraoperative values at the end of the operation.ASPECTS Score
Quantify early ischemic changes on non-contrast CT in MCA territory strokes. Guides tPA and thrombectomy eligibility.EPDS
Screen for postpartum (and antenatal) depression. Recommended by ACOG, AAP, and USPSTF.STOP-BANG
Screen for obstructive sleep apnea risk. Important pre-operatively and in resistant hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or metabolic syndrome.Free Water Deficit
Calculate free water deficit in hypernatremia to guide fluid replacement and rate of correction.Sodium Correction (Hyperglycemia)
Correct measured serum sodium for elevated glucose. High glucose draws water intravascularly, diluting sodium — the true sodium is higher than measured.Urine Anion Gap
Differentiate renal tubular acidosis (RTA) from GI causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA). Estimates unmeasured urinary NH4+.MoCA Reference
Brief cognitive screening, more sensitive than MMSE for mild cognitive impairment. This is a scoring reference — full administration requires licensed materials at mocatest.org.MMSE Reference
Brief cognitive screening, widely used. Less sensitive than MoCA for MCI but faster. This is a reference guide — formal use requires licensed materials.GRACE Score
Predict in-hospital and 6-month mortality in ACS (NSTEMI and unstable angina). Guides decision for early invasive vs conservative strategy.Sgarbossa Criteria
Identify STEMI in the setting of left bundle branch block (LBBB) or paced rhythm where ST changes cannot be interpreted using standard criteria.Brugada Criteria (VT)
Differentiate VT from SVT with aberrant conduction in wide complex tachycardia. Applied to a 12-lead ECG during the tachycardia.NYHA Classification
Classify functional severity of heart failure. Guides treatment, device eligibility (ICD, CRT), and prognosis.Framingham HF Criteria
Diagnose congestive heart failure clinically. Requires 2 major OR 1 major + 2 minor criteria.Light's Criteria
Differentiate exudative from transudative pleural effusions. Applied to pleural fluid obtained by thoracentesis.FRAX Reference
Estimate 10-year probability of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture. Guides DEXA testing and osteoporosis treatment.Pediatric GCS
Assess level of consciousness in children under 2 years where verbal responses differ from adults.Schwartz Formula
Estimate GFR in children ages 1–18 years. CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault are validated for adults only.Yale Observation Scale
Assess severity of illness in febrile infants and children aged 3 months to 3 years.pSOFA
Quantify organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis. Age-adjusted version of adult SOFA. Used for the Sepsis-3 definition in children.HAM-A
Measure anxiety severity. Widely used in clinical trials and for monitoring treatment response. Clinician-administered (not self-report).YMRS
Assess severity of mania in bipolar disorder. Used for baseline, monitoring treatment response, and research. Clinician-administered.PCL-5
Screen for and measure PTSD symptom severity. Monitors treatment response. Self-report measure — the patient completes it.Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Measure daytime sleepiness. Used to screen for obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and other sleep disorders. Patient self-report.QRISK3 Reference
Estimate 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (UK-validated). More comprehensive than Framingham or ASCVD — includes additional risk factors.
Risk stratification for ACS in ED chest pain patientsPERC Rule
Rule out PE without D-dimer in LOW pre-test probability patientsWells PE
Pre-test probability assessment for pulmonary embolismOttawa Ankle
Determine need for ankle or foot X-ray after acute injuryGCS
Standardized assessment of consciousness levelCURB-65
Severity assessment for community-acquired pneumoniaCentor Score (Modified)
Predict likelihood of GAS pharyngitisPECARN Head CT
Identify children at very low risk of clinically important TBI after head traumaCHA₂DS₂-VASc
Stroke risk stratification in non-valvular atrial fibrillationHAS-BLED
Bleeding risk assessment in anticoagulated AF patientsNEXUS C-Spine
Rule out cervical spine injury without imaging in blunt traumaCanadian C-Spine Rule
Determine need for c-spine imaging in alert, stable trauma patientsqSOFA
Bedside screen for patients at risk of poor outcomes from sepsisAlvarado Score
Clinical prediction of acute appendicitisWells DVT
Pre-test probability for DVTMASCC Score
Risk stratification in febrile neutropeniaTWIST Score
Risk stratification for testicular torsion — determine need for immediate surgery vs scrotal ultrasoundMELD Score
Predicts 3-month mortality in end-stage liver disease; prioritizes organ allocation for liver transplantChild-Pugh Score
Classifies severity of cirrhosis for prognosis and surgical riskFIB-4 Index
Non-invasive estimate of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease (NAFLD, HCV, HBV)RCRI
Predicts risk of major cardiac events (MI, pulmonary edema, VF, cardiac arrest, complete heart block) after non-cardiac surgeryASA Classification
Standardized classification of preoperative patient health status for anesthetic riskWound Classification
Classifies surgical wounds to predict surgical site infection risk and guide antibiotic prophylaxisCaprini Score
Predicts venous thromboembolism risk in surgical patients to guide VTE prophylaxisPHQ-9
Screens for and monitors severity of depressionGAD-7
Screens for and monitors severity of generalized anxiety disorderAUDIT-C
Brief screening tool for unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol use disordersASCVD Risk
Estimates 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events to guide statin therapyWestley Croup Score
Grades severity of croup to guide managementPAT
Rapid (30-second) across-the-room assessment to categorize severity and type of pediatric illnessGorelick Dehydration Scale
Assesses degree of dehydration in children 1 month to 5 yearsBroselow Reference
Estimates pediatric weight based on length for emergency drug dosing and equipment sizingC-SSRS
Structured assessment of suicidal ideation severity and behaviorCIWA-Ar
Monitors severity of alcohol withdrawal to guide benzodiazepine dosingCOWS
Monitors severity of opioid withdrawal to guide buprenorphine induction timingFisher Grade
Grades subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT to predict risk of vasospasmICH Score
Predicts 30-day mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhageSNOOP4
Mnemonic for red flags suggesting secondary (dangerous) headache etiologyBishop Score
Assesses cervical readiness for induction of laborGA Calculator
Estimates gestational age and expected due date from last menstrual periodVBAC Calculator
Estimates probability of successful vaginal birth after cesarean (TOLAC success)Preeclampsia Severity
Identifies severe features of preeclampsia that mandate delivery consideration regardless of gestational ageMAP Calculator
Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure to assess perfusion pressure and guide vasopressor therapyPediatric Asthma Score
Assess severity of acute asthma exacerbation in pediatric patients aged 1–18 years to guide treatment decisions and dispositionParkland Formula
Calculate IV fluid resuscitation volume for burn patients in the first 24 hours. For adults and pediatric patients with burns >20% TBSA.CKD-EPI eGFR
Estimate GFR for CKD staging and drug dosing. More accurate than Cockcroft-Gault, especially at higher GFR values.Calcium Correction
Correct total calcium for low albumin. Low albumin artificially lowers reported total calcium.IBW / ABW
Calculate IBW for drug dosing (aminoglycosides, vancomycin, chemotherapy) and ventilator tidal volume. Use ABW for obese patients when indicated.Steroid Conversion
Convert between corticosteroid preparations for dose equivalence. Used when switching steroids or calculating stress dosing.BMI Calculator
Universal screening tool for weight classification. Used for drug dosing decisions, surgical risk, and chronic disease management.QTc Calculator
Correct the QT interval for heart rate. Monitor for drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes risk.ICH Volume (ABC/2)
Rapidly estimate intracranial hemorrhage volume from CT measurements. Volume is a key prognostic factor and guides management.SOFA Score
Quantify organ dysfunction in sepsis. Required for the Sepsis-3 definition. Used for ICU prognosis and tracking response to treatment.Modified Rankin Scale
Assess degree of disability and dependence in neurological disorders. Primary outcome measure in stroke trials; guides tPA and thrombectomy eligibility (premorbid mRS).RASS
Assess level of sedation and agitation in ICU patients. Target-directed sedation reduces ICU length of stay and improves outcomes.FLACC Scale
Assess pain in non-verbal patients — primarily children 2 months to 7 years, also cognitively impaired or intubated patients.Apgar Score
Rapid assessment of newborn condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Guides need for resuscitation.AIMS Scale
Monitor for tardive dyskinesia in patients on antipsychotics or other dopamine-blocking agents. Perform at baseline and every 6–12 months.Simplified PESI
Risk stratify confirmed PE patients to identify those safe for outpatient treatment. A score of 0 identifies low-risk patients.APACHE II
ICU admission severity scoring. Predicts hospital mortality. Used for ICU triage, research stratification, and quality benchmarking.PSI/PORT Score
Risk stratify community-acquired pneumonia for outpatient vs inpatient vs ICU. More accurate than CURB-65 for identifying low-risk patients.Glasgow-Blatchford Score
Risk stratify upper GI bleeding. A score of 0 identifies patients safe for outpatient management. High scores predict need for endoscopic intervention.Rockall Score
Predict rebleeding and mortality after upper GI bleeding. Pre-endoscopy uses the first 3 variables; post-endoscopy adds diagnosis and stigmata.Surgical Apgar Score
Predict major complications and death within 30 days of general or vascular surgery, using intraoperative values at the end of the operation.ASPECTS Score
Quantify early ischemic changes on non-contrast CT in MCA territory strokes. Guides tPA and thrombectomy eligibility.EPDS
Screen for postpartum (and antenatal) depression. Recommended by ACOG, AAP, and USPSTF.STOP-BANG
Screen for obstructive sleep apnea risk. Important pre-operatively and in resistant hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or metabolic syndrome.Free Water Deficit
Calculate free water deficit in hypernatremia to guide fluid replacement and rate of correction.Sodium Correction (Hyperglycemia)
Correct measured serum sodium for elevated glucose. High glucose draws water intravascularly, diluting sodium — the true sodium is higher than measured.Urine Anion Gap
Differentiate renal tubular acidosis (RTA) from GI causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA). Estimates unmeasured urinary NH4+.MoCA Reference
Brief cognitive screening, more sensitive than MMSE for mild cognitive impairment. This is a scoring reference — full administration requires licensed materials at mocatest.org.MMSE Reference
Brief cognitive screening, widely used. Less sensitive than MoCA for MCI but faster. This is a reference guide — formal use requires licensed materials.GRACE Score
Predict in-hospital and 6-month mortality in ACS (NSTEMI and unstable angina). Guides decision for early invasive vs conservative strategy.Sgarbossa Criteria
Identify STEMI in the setting of left bundle branch block (LBBB) or paced rhythm where ST changes cannot be interpreted using standard criteria.Brugada Criteria (VT)
Differentiate VT from SVT with aberrant conduction in wide complex tachycardia. Applied to a 12-lead ECG during the tachycardia.NYHA Classification
Classify functional severity of heart failure. Guides treatment, device eligibility (ICD, CRT), and prognosis.Framingham HF Criteria
Diagnose congestive heart failure clinically. Requires 2 major OR 1 major + 2 minor criteria.Light's Criteria
Differentiate exudative from transudative pleural effusions. Applied to pleural fluid obtained by thoracentesis.FRAX Reference
Estimate 10-year probability of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture. Guides DEXA testing and osteoporosis treatment.Pediatric GCS
Assess level of consciousness in children under 2 years where verbal responses differ from adults.Schwartz Formula
Estimate GFR in children ages 1–18 years. CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault are validated for adults only.Yale Observation Scale
Assess severity of illness in febrile infants and children aged 3 months to 3 years.pSOFA
Quantify organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis. Age-adjusted version of adult SOFA. Used for the Sepsis-3 definition in children.HAM-A
Measure anxiety severity. Widely used in clinical trials and for monitoring treatment response. Clinician-administered (not self-report).YMRS
Assess severity of mania in bipolar disorder. Used for baseline, monitoring treatment response, and research. Clinician-administered.PCL-5
Screen for and measure PTSD symptom severity. Monitors treatment response. Self-report measure — the patient completes it.Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Measure daytime sleepiness. Used to screen for obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and other sleep disorders. Patient self-report.QRISK3 Reference
Estimate 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (UK-validated). More comprehensive than Framingham or ASCVD — includes additional risk factors.