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FLACC Scale
Assess pain in non-verbal patients — primarily children 2 months to 7 years, also cognitively impaired or intubated patients.
Indication
- Assess pain in non-verbal patients — primarily children 2 months to 7 years, also cognitively impaired or intubated patients.
Criteria
- id: face; label: Face; type: options; options: value: 0; label: No expression or smile; value: 1; label: Occasional grimace/frown, withdrawn; value: 2; label: Frequent/constant frown, clenched jaw, quivering chin
- id: legs; label: Legs; type: options; options: value: 0; label: Normal position or relaxed; value: 1; label: Uneasy, restless, tense; value: 2; label: Kicking or legs drawn up
- id: activity; label: Activity; type: options; options: value: 0; label: Lying quietly, normal position, moves easily; value: 1; label: Squirming, shifting back and forth, tense; value: 2; label: Arched, rigid, or jerking
- id: cry; label: Cry; type: options; options: value: 0; label: No cry (awake or asleep); value: 1; label: Moans/whimpers, occasional complaint; value: 2; label: Crying steadily, screams/sobs, frequent complaints
- id: consolability; label: Consolability; type: options; options: value: 0; label: Content, relaxed; value: 1; label: Reassured by occasional touch, hugging, talking; value: 2; label: Difficult to console or comfort
Interpretation
- function(score) { if (score === 0) return { risk: score + '/10', tier: 'Relaxed & Comfortable', action: 'No pain management needed. Continue routine comfort.', color: 'green' }; if (score <= 3) return { risk: score + '/10', tier: 'Mild Discomfort', action: 'Non-pharmacological comfort measures. Reassess.', color: 'yellow' }; if (score <= 6) return { risk: score + '/10', tier: 'Moderate Pain', action: 'Consider analgesics. Reassess 30 minutes after intervention.', color: 'yellow' }; return { risk: score + '/10', tier: 'Severe Discomfort / Pain', action: 'Analgesics required. Reassess frequently after intervention.', color: 'red' }; }
Clinical pearls
- Validated for children 2 months to 7 years and for cognitively impaired adults
- Reassess 30 minutes after any analgesic intervention
- Correlates well with self-report pain scales when both can be used
- In intubated adults, the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) is an alternative
Source and review
- Merkel SI et al. Pediatr Nurs 1997. Last reviewed: 2025-01-01