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GCS

Standardized assessment of consciousness level

Indication

  • Standardized assessment of consciousness level

Criteria

  • id: eye; label: Eye Opening (E); type: options; options: label: Spontaneous; value: 4; label: To voice; value: 3; label: To pain; value: 2; label: None; value: 1
  • id: verbal; label: Verbal Response (V); type: options; options: label: Oriented; value: 5; label: Confused; value: 4; label: Inappropriate words; value: 3; label: Incomprehensible sounds; value: 2; label: None; value: 1
  • id: motor; label: Motor Response (M); type: options; options: label: Obeys commands; value: 6; label: Localizes pain; value: 5; label: Withdraws from pain; value: 4; label: Abnormal flexion (decorticate); value: 3; label: Extension (decerebrate); value: 2; label: None; value: 1

Interpretation

  • function(score) { if (score >= 13) return { risk: score + '/15', tier: 'Mild', action: 'GCS 13–15. Monitor and reassess.', color: 'green' }; if (score >= 9) return { risk: score + '/15', tier: 'Moderate', action: 'GCS 9–12. Close monitoring. Consider CT head. Reassess frequently.', color: 'yellow' }; return { risk: score + '/15', tier: 'Severe', action: 'GCS ≤8. Consider airway protection (intubation). Emergent CT head. Neurosurgery consult.', color: 'red' }; }

Clinical pearls

  • GCS ≤8 = intubation threshold — "GR8 = intub8"
  • Motor component is most predictive of outcome — document E/V/M separately
  • GCS is unreliable in intubated, sedated, or paralyzed patients — document as "T" for tube
  • Always document as components (e.g., E3V4M5 = 12) not just total

Source and review

  • Teasdale & Jennett, Lancet 1974; ATLS 10th ed.. Last reviewed: 2024-10-01