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Urine Anion Gap

Differentiate renal tubular acidosis (RTA) from GI causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA). Estimates unmeasured urinary NH4+.

Indication

  • Differentiate renal tubular acidosis (RTA) from GI causes of non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA). Estimates unmeasured urinary NH4+.

Criteria

  • id: una; label: Urine sodium (mEq/L); type: number; placeholder: e.g. 40
  • id: uk; label: Urine potassium (mEq/L); type: number; placeholder: e.g. 30
  • id: ucl; label: Urine chloride (mEq/L); type: number; placeholder: e.g. 50

Clinical pearls

  • Urine AG is only interpretable in NAGMA and may be falsely positive when urine chloride is <25 mEq/L
  • In diarrhea, urine chloride is high and the urine AG is negative
  • RTA type 1 (distal): cannot acidify urine (urine pH >5.5)
  • RTA type 4: hyperkalemia with NAGMA — most commonly from diabetes and NSAIDs

Source and review

  • Batlle DC et al. NEJM 1988; Kamel KS et al. Kidney Int 1990. Last reviewed: 2025-01-01